Cardiovascular Prevention and Pharmacotherapy

Special Articles

Update on the Pharmacotherapy of Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: Eui-Soon Kim, Jong-Chan Youn, Sang Hong Baek; Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2020;2(4):113-133. Published online October 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2020.2.e17

Abstract PDF: Heart failure (HF) is an important cardiovascular disease because of the increasing prevalence, high morbidity and mortality, and rapid expansion of health care costs. Over the past decades, efforts have been made to modify the prognosis of patients with HF. Regarding HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), several drugs have shown to improve mortality and morbidity, based on large-scale randomized controlled trials, leading to a critical paradigm shift in its pharmacological treatment. The paradigm of HFrEF pathophysiology has shifted from cardiorenal disease to hemodynamic changes, and neurohormonal activation is currently considered the prime pathophysiological mechanism of HFrEF. This review summarizes evidence on the pharmacological management of HFrEF derived from major randomized controlled trials, which have accomplished improvements in survival benefits.

Barriers in Salt Reduction Strategies: Time to Acting for the Future: Yong-Jae Kim; Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2020;2(4):134-141. Published online October 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2020.2.e16

Abstract PDF: Salt reduction is important for reducing hypertension and the risk of cardiovascular events and stroke. Despite knowledge about the ill consequences, many people continue to consume high levels of salt in their diet. This paper introduces salt-reducing programs for individual, population, and country-level strategies to reduce salt intake. To effectively decrease salt intake, it is necessary to reduce the consumption of high-salt foods and replace high-salt seasonings with low-salt alternatives. Thus, healthcare professionals must effectively provide information on salt-reduction for patients with hypertension. Social strategies, such as voluntary sodium reduction targets for the food industry, are necessary to promote population strategies for salt reduction. In this paper, we examine a brief report on new salt intake values based on chronic disease risk reduction and explain the utilization of mobile health technologies to reduce salt consumption. Considering the relationship between dietary salt intake and the risk of chronic disease, ways to remove the barriers to strategies for salt reduction should be considered, as it is the most effective way for the prevention and control of hypertension and cardiovascular disease in the future.

Logistic Regression and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator: Hyunyong Lee, Hun-Sung Kim; Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2020;2(4):142-146. Published online October 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2020.2.e15

Abstract PDF: Logistic regression, a model that forms a binary dependent variable and one or more independent variable(s), is used especially in epidemiological studies. By understanding the logistic model and its applications, such as odds ratio (OR) and performance efficiency, the concept of logistic regression can be easily grasped. The purpose of this article is to 1) introduce logistic regression, including odds and OR, 2) present predictive efficiency, such as area under the curve, and 3) explain the caution of logistic regression analysis.

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