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Most-download articles are from the articles published in 2023 during the last three month.

Review Articles
Calcium channel blockers for hypertension: old, but still useful
Eun Mi Lee
Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2023;5(4):113-125.   Published online October 30, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2023.5.e16
  • 43,635 View
  • 1,794 Download
  • 15 Citations
Abstract PDF
Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) constitute a heterogeneous class of drugs that can be divided into dihydropyridines (DHPs) and non-DHPs. DHP-CCBs are subcategorized into four generations based on the duration of activity and pharmacokinetics, while non-DHP-CCBs are subcategorized into phenylethylamine and benzodiazepine derivatives. DHP-CCBs are vascular-selective and function as potent vasodilators, whereas non-DHP-CCBs are cardiac-selective and are useful for treating tachyarrhythmia, but reduce cardiac contractility and heart rate. Traditional DHP-CCBs (nifedipine) mainly block L-type calcium channels, whereas novel CCBs block N-type (amlodipine) and/or T-type channels (efonidipine) in addition to L-type channels, leading to organ-protective effects. DHP-CCBs have a potent blood pressure–lowering effect and suppress atherosclerosis and coronary vasospasm. Diltiazem, a non-DHP-CCB, is highly effective for vasospasm control. CCBs reduce left ventricular hypertrophy and arterial stiffness. Amlodipine, a DHP-CCB, reduces blood pressure variability. L/N- and L/T-type CCBs combined with renin-angiotensin system blockers reduce proteinuria and improve kidney function compared with L-type CCBs. According to large-scale trials, DHP-CCBs reduce cardiovascular events in patients with isolated systolic hypertension, as well as in elderly and high-risk patients. Accordingly, CCBs are indicated for hypertension in elderly patients, isolated systolic hypertension, angina pectoris, and coronary vasospasm. Non-DHP-CCBs are contraindicated in high-grade heart block, bradycardia (<60 beats per minute [bpm]), and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). DHP-CCBs should be used with caution in patients with tachyarrhythmia, HFrEF, and severe leg edema, and non-DHP-CCBs should be used carefully in those with constipation. Each CCB has distinct pharmacokinetics and side effects, underscoring the need for meticulous consideration in clinical practice.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Home blood pressure-lowering effect of esaxerenone versus trichlormethiazide for uncontrolled hypertension: a predefined subanalysis of the EXCITE-HT randomized controlled trial by basal calcium channel blocker versus angiotensin receptor blocker
    Kazuomi Kario, Hiroyuki Ohbayashi, Masami Hashimoto, Naoki Itabashi, Mitsutoshi Kato, Kazuaki Uchiyama, Kunio Hirano, Noriko Nakamura, Takahide Miyamoto, Hirotaka Nagashima, Hidenori Ishida, Yusuke Ebe, Tsuguru Hatta, Toshiki Fukui, Tatsuo Shimosawa, Tomo
    Hypertension Research.2025; 48(2): 506.     CrossRef
  • Synthesis, Characterization, DFT Analysis, Pharmacokinetics, and Inhibition of Mpro and RdRp of SARS-CoV-2 by Two Dihydropyrimidines Derivatives
    Samia Mammeri, Rachida Kerkour, Nadjib Chafai, Hassina Harkat, Saleh Chafaa
    Journal of Molecular Structure.2025; 1324: 140797.     CrossRef
  • Rationale and Design of a Randomized, Open‐Label, Parallel‐Group Study of Esaxerenone Versus Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in Older Patients With Uncontrolled Hypertension on Calcium Channel Blocker Monotherapy (ESCORT‐HT)
    Kazuomi Kario, Tomohiro Katsuya, Tatsuo Shimosawa, Takashi Taguchi, Ayumi Tanabe, Mitsuru Ohishi
    The Journal of Clinical Hypertension.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Discovering the natural source-derived antihypertensive compounds aspiring current therapeutic targets by computer-based drug design
    Nail Besli, Nilufer Ercin, Rabia Kalkan-Cakmak, Bahar Sarikamis-Johnson, Merve Beker, Ulkan Celik
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications.2025; 759: 151685.     CrossRef
  • Biginelli dihydropyrimidines and their acetylated derivatives as L‐/T‐type calcium channel blockers: Synthesis, enantioseparation, and molecular modeling studies
    Miyase Gözde Gündüz, Cagatay Dengiz, Katrin Denzinger, Sun Huang, J. T. Lee, Jordan W. Nafie, Daniel W. Armstrong, Gerhard Wolber, Gerald W. Zamponi
    Archiv der Pharmazie.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Endothelial Dysfunction
    Habibe Yılmaz, Ulvi Bayraktutan
    Current Issues in Molecular Biology.2025; 47(4): 232.     CrossRef
  • Mitigating morphine dependence and withdrawal: The role of venlafaxine and calcium channel blockers in mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress in the brain
    Radman Amiri, Faezeh Fallah, Behnam Ghorbanzadeh, Ali Akbar Oroojan, Mohammad Amin Behmanesh, Soheila Alboghobeish
    Brain Research Bulletin.2025; 226: 111364.     CrossRef
  • Enantioselective toxicity of (S)-amlodipine towards zebrafish embryos: Abnormal ocular development, cardiac dysfunction, and malformed intersegmental vessels
    Chaeeun Kim, Donghyeon Kim, Sung-Eun Lee
    Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety.2025; 298: 118315.     CrossRef
  • Visible Light‐Driven Multicomponent Reactions for the Synthesis of Diverse Heterocyclic Frameworks
    Narsimhaswamy Dubasi, Ravi Varala, Murali Mohan Achari Kamsali, Mohammed Mujahid Alam
    European Journal of Organic Chemistry.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Simple and Rapid Analytical Method to Detect and Quantify the N‐Nitroso Desmethyl Diltiazem Impurity by Liquid Chromatography‐Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Diltiazem Hydrochloride
    Manoj Kumar Mandapaka, Veeraswami Boddu
    SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Natural products and derivatives hold promise to improve treatment of unresponsive tumours
    Rosa Jahangiri
    Natural Product Research.2025; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Design of Experimental Approach for Development of Rapid High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Process for Simultaneous Estimation of Metoprolol, Telmisartan, and Amlodipine from Formulation: Greenness and Whiteness Evaluation
    Mahesh Attimarad, Mohammed Jassim Alali, Hussain Ali Alali, Dana Hisham Alabdulmuhsin, Aljohara Khalid Alnajdi, Katharigatta Narayanaswamy Venugopala, Anroop B. Nair
    Molecules.2024; 29(5): 1087.     CrossRef
  • The Evolving Role of Calcium Channel Blockers in Hypertension Management: Pharmacological and Clinical Considerations
    Kamryn E. Jones, Shaun L. Hayden, Hannah R. Meyer, Jillian L. Sandoz, William H. Arata, Kylie Dufrene, Corrado Ballaera, Yair Lopez Torres, Patricia Griffin, Adam M. Kaye, Sahar Shekoohi, Alan D. Kaye
    Current Issues in Molecular Biology.2024; 46(7): 6315.     CrossRef
  • Endothelial Cell Dysfunction: Onset, Progression, and Consequences
    Hojjat Naderi-Meshkin, Wiwit Ananda Wahyu Setyaningsih
    Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Angiotensin II Exposure In Vitro Reduces High Salt-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Modulates Cell Adhesion Molecules’ Expression in Human Aortic Endothelial Cell Line
    Nikolina Kolobarić, Nataša Kozina, Zrinka Mihaljević, Ines Drenjančević
    Biomedicines.2024; 12(12): 2741.     CrossRef
Pharmacological management of diabetes in older adults
Junghyun Noh
Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2025;7(1):13-20.   Published online January 20, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2025.7.e1
  • 2,431 View
  • 62 Download
Abstract PDF
As the global population continues to age, the rising prevalence of diabetes among older adults has become a significant public health concern. Consequently, effective and safe management of diabetes mellitus in this population is an increasingly critical focus in clinical practice. Older patients present considerable variability in functional status, with many experiencing physical disabilities, visual impairments, cognitive decline, or psychological conditions such as depression. Therefore, individualized treatment strategies that consider the presence and progression of geriatric syndromes, comorbidities, and the risk of hypoglycemia are essential for optimizing the pharmacological management of diabetes in older adults.
Use of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry for body composition in chronic disease management
Tae Nyun Kim
Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2024;6(4):128-134.   Published online October 31, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2024.6.e13
  • 6,183 View
  • 111 Download
  • 2 Citations
Abstract PDF
As individuals age or contend with chronic diseases, shifts in body composition often emerge, characterized by a loss of muscle mass and an increase in fat mass, even among those with stable body weight. Both obesity and sarcopenia are key drivers of frailty, disability, and heightened morbidity and mortality. The simultaneous decline in skeletal muscle and accumulation of visceral fat can work synergistically, magnifying their detrimental effects on physical function and metabolic health. Today, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is widely recognized as one of the most versatile imaging techniques for assessing not only osteoporosis but also sarcopenia and obesity. Whole-body DEXA facilitates comprehensive analysis, offering detailed insights into fat mass, non-bone lean mass, and bone mineral content at both total and regional levels. DEXA is highly valued for its accuracy, reproducibility, speed, affordability, and low radiation exposure. Furthermore, advancements in DEXA technology and software now allow for precise estimation of visceral adipose tissue. This review underscores the clinical applications of whole-body DEXA, focusing on the use of muscle and fat mass indices in diagnosing low muscle mass, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity, aligned with the latest research and guidelines.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Developing a reliable and convenient methodology for ultrasound muscle assessment in critically ill patients: A reliability study
    Yong Jae Na, Shin Who Park, Woo Jung Seo, Kyung Cheon Seo, Jong Yoon Chang, Hyo Jin Lim, Hyeon Jeong Moon, Roo Ma Lee, Eun Jae Ko, Sang-Bum Hong, Won Kim
    Medicine.2025; 104(17): e42263.     CrossRef
  • The Critical Role of Body Composition Assessment in Advancing Research and Clinical Health Risk Assessment across the Lifespan
    Jonathan P. Bennett, Soo Lim
    Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome.2025; 34(2): 120.     CrossRef
Decision-making for recurrent atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation
Jum Suk Ko, Sung Soo Kim, Hyung Ki Jeong, Nam Ho Kim
Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2023;5(4):102-112.   Published online October 27, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2023.5.e15
  • 28,969 View
  • 403 Download
  • 2 Citations
Abstract PDF
Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF), especially pulmonary vein (PV) isolation, is widely used for rhythm control. However, AF recurrence remains a challenge, affecting 20% to 50% of cases. This review focuses on AF recurrence after catheter ablation. AF recurrence can be categorized into early recurrence (ER) within 3 months after index procedure, late recurrence (LR) within 1 year, and very LR (VLR) occurring beyond 1 year. ER has emerged as a significant predictor of LR, contrary to the traditional understanding. LR is primarily caused by PV reconnection, while VLR more involves non-PV triggers or substrates. Managing AF recurrence includes antiarrhythmic drugs, steroids, colchicine, and repeat ablation. Antiarrhythmic drugs reduce ER but have a limited impact on LR. Steroids have been shown to reduce ER, but not long-term recurrence. Colchicine, an anti-inflammatory agent, shows promise in reducing both ER and LR, although further research is necessary. Whether to perform early repeat ablation after ER remains uncertain, as not all patients require immediate intervention. In conclusion, AF recurrence after ablation remains a complex issue. Understanding the underlying mechanisms is essential for personalized management. Tailored approaches, considering individual characteristics, are crucial for long-term success. Future research should focus on improving therapeutic strategies for AF recurrence.

Citations

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  • Meta-analysis of Pulsed Field Ablation Versus Thermal Ablation for Pulmonary Vein Isolation in AF: A Broad Overview Focusing on Efficacy, Safety and Outcomes
    Mohammad Iqbal, William Kamarullah, Raymond Pranata, Iwan Cahyo Santosa Putra, Giky Karwiky, Chaerul Achmad, Young Hoon Kim
    Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Beyond Clinical Factors: Harnessing Artificial Intelligence and Multimodal Cardiac Imaging to Predict Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence Post-Catheter Ablation
    Edward T. Truong, Yiheng Lyu, Abdul Rahman Ihdayhid, Nick S. R. Lan, Girish Dwivedi
    Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease.2024; 11(9): 291.     CrossRef
Original Article
Health behaviors, knowledge, and attitudes toward cardiovascular disease risk factors in young Iraqi adults: a sample from Erbil, Iraq
Halmat Ahmed Sulaiman, Isil Isik Andsoy
Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2024;6(3):92-101.   Published online July 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2024.6.e12
  • 4,590 View
  • 129 Download
Abstract PDF
Background
Cardiovascular disease continues to be a leading cause of death among young people globally. This cross-sectional study was designed to assess the health behaviors, knowledge, and attitudes regarding cardiovascular disease risk factors among young adults in Erbil, Iraq.
Methods
Data were collected using the WHO STEPS Instrument for Chronic Disease Risk Factor Surveillance and the Heart Disease Fact Questions.
Results
Ninety percent of participants demonstrated moderate to high knowledge and exhibited a positive attitude. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that while a history of smoking, a lack of knowledge, and the absence of formal education negatively impacted knowledge levels, being aged 38 to 45 years, recognizing the importance of consuming less salt, walking for at least 10 minutes on 5 or more days per week, and regularly checking blood sugar levels positively contributed to knowledge. Unwillingness to change lifestyle had the most significant negative influence on knowledge.
Conclusions
Establishing effective educational interventions may increase knowledge and promote more positive attitudes.
Review Articles
Optimal target blood pressure in older patients with hypertension
Kwang-il Kim
Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2023;5(2):41-48.   Published online April 24, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2023.5.e4
  • 15,532 View
  • 406 Download
  • 1 Citations
Abstract PDF
Hypertension is a common condition among older adults, and blood pressure (BP) control is effective for preventing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality even among the oldest-old adults. However, the optimal target BP for older patients with hypertension has been a subject of debate, with previous clinical trials providing conflicting evidence. Determining the optimal target BP for older adults is a complex issue that requires considering comorbidities, frailty, quality of life, and goals of care. As such, BP targets should be individualized based on each patient's unique health status and risk factors, and treatment should be closely monitored to ensure that it is effective and well-tolerated. The benefits and risks of intensive BP control should be carefully weighed in the context of the patient's overall health status and treatment goals. Ultimately, the decision to pursue intensive BP control should be made through shared decision-making between patients and their healthcare providers.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Community health worker-led interventions for hypertension
    Suning Mao, Liu Liu, Tianyi Wang, Yubin Cao
    Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
Adverse reactions to antiarrhythmic drugs
Ungjeong Do
Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2023;5(1):1-14.   Published online January 16, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2023.5.e1
  • 65,535 View
  • 314 Download
  • 2 Citations
Abstract PDF
There are various types of adverse reactions to antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs). Proarrhythmia, which refers to an exacerbation of the preexisting arrhythmia or occurrence of a new arrhythmia, may occur under the therapeutic concentration of an AAD. Bradyarrhythmia is the most common type of proarrhythmia due to AADs, and prior myocardial infarction and old age are known risk factors. Atrial flutter with 1:1 atrioventricular conduction usually occurs during rhythm control of atrial fibrillation with class IC AADs. QT prolongation due to AADs, mainly class III AADs, elevates the risk of torsade de pointes by triggered activity due to early afterdepolarization. The addition of clinical factors that promote QT prolongation, such as hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, female sex, and bradycardia, increases the risk of developing torsade de pointes. Proarrhythmic monomorphic ventricular tachycardia usually occurs as a result of slow conduction and disparity of refractoriness due to class IC AADs. In patients with preexisting left ventricular systolic dysfunction or structural heart disease, the risk of hypotension or cardiogenic shock caused by negative inotropic effects due to AADs should be considered. To prevent these major adverse reactions to AADs, we need to understand the electrophysiologic properties of AADs in detail. Furthermore, the risk of proarrhythmia could be heightened by interplay with clinical factors, such as electrolyte unbalances, heart rate, and hepatic/renal or myocardial dysfunction. Sufficient awareness about drug-drug interactions, which may affect the metabolism of AADs, will improve patient safety during the management of arrhythmia.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Catheter ablation vs antiarrhythmic therapy for atrial fibrillation in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
    Marisa R. DeLuca, Bilal Ali, Yasir Tarabichi, Beni R. Verma, Saima Karim
    Heart Rhythm.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Case of Palpitations Presumptively Diagnosed as Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC) Improved with Herbal Decoction Administration Only Focusing on Modified Chungshimbohyeol-tang : A Case Report
    Dabyn Lee, Hyeryun Lee, Hyungsun Jun, Jungtae Leem
    The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine.2024; 45(6): 1316.     CrossRef
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a focus on risk factors and management
Joonpyo Lee, Mi-Seung Shin
Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2025;7(1):1-8.   Published online January 21, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2025.7.e2
  • 1,696 View
  • 60 Download
Abstract PDF
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are two increasingly prevalent conditions that share common risk factors, including obesity, diabetes, and aging. NAFLD, marked by hepatic steatosis, is a leading cause of liver disease globally, with cardiovascular disease accounting for most deaths among those affected. HFpEF, characterized by diastolic dysfunction and systemic inflammation, accounts for a growing share of heart failure cases, especially among older adults. The bidirectional relationship between NAFLD and HFpEF involves shared mechanisms such as systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and metabolic dysfunction. These overlapping processes create a vicious cycle that exacerbates each condition. This review emphasizes the shared pathophysiology, risk factors, and management strategies for these interconnected diseases. Promising interventions, including exercise, weight loss, and emerging pharmacological treatments like sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, are effective in addressing both NAFLD and HFpEF. By targeting these common pathways, there is a unique opportunity to develop integrated treatment approaches that could improve outcomes for affected patients.
Recent evidence on target blood pressure in patients with hypertension
Hack-Lyoung Kim
Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2024;6(1):17-25.   Published online January 22, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2024.6.e3
  • 7,617 View
  • 207 Download
Abstract PDF
Hypertension is a significant risk factor for a variety of cardiovascular diseases, including stroke, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and peripheral arterial disease. Achieving and maintaining a specific target blood pressure (BP) is crucial for effectively reducing the risk associated with these conditions. This involves customizing treatments to meet the individual needs of patients with hypertension, ensuring that each person receives the most appropriate care for their particular circumstances. Previously, based on the findings from the ACCORD (Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes) study conducted over the past decade, the target BP for patients with hypertension was set at <140/90 mmHg, regardless of the patient's risk profile. However, new insights from reanalyzed data of studies such as the SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial), the STEP (Strategy of Blood Pressure Intervention in the Elderly Hypertensive Patients) study, and ACCORD subgroup reanalysis have led to a change in this approach. These studies support a more aggressive target BP of <130/80 mmHg, especially for high-risk patients. The purpose of this article is to offer a thorough review of these updated recommendations and to explain the reasoning behind the revised target BP guidelines for individuals with hypertension.
Original Article
Modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease in the Indonesian population: a nested case-control study
Anggoro Budi Hartopo, Maria Patricia Inggriani, Brilliant Winona Jhundy, Jajah Fachiroh, Putri Tiara Rosha, Ratri Kusuma Wardani, Fatwa Sari Tetra Dewi
Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2023;5(1):24-34.   Published online January 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2023.5.e3
  • 5,900 View
  • 188 Download
  • 1 Citations
Abstract PDF
Background
There is a lack of data on modifiable coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors in the Indonesian population, hindering the implementation of assessments and prevention programs in this population. This study investigated modifiable risk factors for CAD among Indonesians by comparing them between CAD-proven patients and healthy subjects from a similar population.
Methods
In this nested, matched case-control study, the cases were patients from a referral hospital in Yogyakarta, Indonesia and the controls were respondents in a population surveillance system in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The cases were 421 patients who had undergone coronary angiography, showing significant CAD. The sex- and age-matched controls were 842 respondents from the Universitas Gadjah Mada Health and Health and Demographic Surveillance System Sleman who indicated no CAD presence on a questionnaire. The modifiable CAD risk factors compared between cases and controls were diabetes mellitus, hypertension, central obesity, smoking history, physical inactivity, and less fruit and vegetable intake. A multivariate regression model was applied to determine independent modifiable risk factors for CAD, expressed as adjusted odds ratios (AORs).
Results
A multivariate analysis model of 1,263 subjects including all modifiable risk factors indicated that diabetes mellitus (AOR, 3.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.09–5.28), hypertension (AOR, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.76–3.60), former smoking (AOR, 4.18; 95% CI, 2.73–6.39), physical inactivity (AOR, 15.91; 95% CI, 10.13–24.99), and less fruit and vegetable intake (AOR, 5.42; 95% CI, 2.84–10.34) independently and significantly emerged as risk factors for CAD.
Conclusions
Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, former smoking, physical inactivity, and less fruit and vegetable intake were independent and significant modifiable risk factors for CAD in the Indonesian population.

Citations

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  • Metabolic Syndrome and Abnormal Electrocardiographic Frontal QRS-T Angle in Indonesian Patients
    Effika Nurningtyas Putri, Erika Maharani, Jajah Fachiroh, Fatwa Sari Tetra Dewi, Anggoro Budi Hartopo
    CardioMetabolic Syndrome Journal.2025; 5(1): 23.     CrossRef
Review Articles
Paradigm shift from glucocentric to organ protection for the management of hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes
Jie-Eun Lee, Jong Chul Won
Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2024;6(4):116-122.   Published online October 31, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2024.6.e15
  • 1,460 View
  • 75 Download
Abstract PDF
The UK Prospective Diabetes Study was the first study to investigate the effectiveness of glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Since then, many studies have evaluated the impact of intensive glycemic control on diabetes-related morbidities and mortality. The results of these studies were intended to change the paradigm for controlling glycated hemoglobin and preventing diabetes-related complications, but the beneficial outcomes were limited to microvascular diseases rather than diabetes-related cardiorenal diseases and deaths. This has emphasized the need for comprehensive management of other risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, renal failure, etc.) in addition to hyperglycemia to prevent atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and end-stage renal disease in type 2 diabetes. Since 2008, clinical trials to demonstrate cardiovascular safety have shown a beneficial effect of sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on macrovascular or renal complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. Recently, major societies around the world including the Korean Diabetes Association, have shifted the goals of diabetes management from the typical glucocentric view to cardiorenal outcome-oriented (organ protection) care, which has been widely accepted and is gradually applied to primary care.
Diabetes mellitus and cancer
Jae Won Hong
Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2023;5(3):69-73.   Published online July 27, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2023.5.e9
  • 5,637 View
  • 176 Download
  • 1 Citations
Abstract PDF
Diabetes mellitus and cancer are the most common life-threatening illnesses worldwide. Previous epidemiological studies have suggested a strong association between diabetes mellitus and an increased risk of cancer. Potential biological mechanisms underlying this relationship include obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress. The most common diabetes-related cancers are pancreatic, hepatocellular, breast, endometrial, and colorectal cancer. Special attention should be paid to patients with diabetes through careful cancer screening and preventive anticancer strategies.

Citations

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  • Repurposing metabolic regulators: antidiabetic drugs as anticancer agents
    Yogita Dhas, Nupur Biswas, Divyalakshmi M.R., Lawrence D. Jones, Shashaanka Ashili
    Molecular Biomedicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
Clinical and preclinical obesity: cardiovascular implications of a new diagnostic paradigm
Ga Eun Nam
Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2025;7(2):21-27.   Published online April 25, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2025.7.e6
  • 745 View
  • 23 Download
Abstract PDF
The traditional definition of obesity, relying solely on body mass index, inadequately captures individual health status and is insufficient for guiding therapeutic interventions. In January 2025, The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology Commission proposed a paradigm-shifting redefinition that introduces the concepts of “clinical obesity” and “preclinical obesity.” Clinical obesity is defined as a chronic, systemic illness characterized by excess adiposity resulting in functional impairments in tissues, organs, or overall individual health. In contrast, preclinical obesity involves excess adiposity without current functional impairment. This review examines the significance of this new diagnostic paradigm for cardiovascular disease prevention and risk assessment. From a cardiovascular perspective, the new framework offers several advantages: it facilitates personalized intervention strategies based on individual risk profiles, refines cardiovascular risk assessments by incorporating body fat distribution and functional parameters, promotes more efficient resource allocation, and shifts treatment goals toward functional improvements beyond mere weight loss. Although further research is required to evaluate practical implementation and long-term outcomes, this novel approach represents a substantial advancement in obesity management and cardiovascular disease prevention.
Clinical impact and practical use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for patients with chronic kidney disease
Jang-Whan Bae
Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2025;7(2):44-49.   Published online April 25, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2025.7.e4
  • 988 View
  • 18 Download
Abstract PDF
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have transformed the treatment of both cardiovascular and renal diseases. Although originally developed for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus, these agents have demonstrated significant benefits by reducing cardiovascular events and slowing the progression of kidney disease, even in patients without diabetes. Landmark trials, including EMPA-REG OUTCOME, CANVAS, DECLARE-TIMI 58, and DAPA-HF, consistently demonstrated reductions in heart failure hospitalizations and renal deterioration among patients at high cardiovascular risk. However, many of these studies excluded patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), limiting the generalizability of their findings for this population. More recent investigations, such as CREDENCE, DAPA-CKD, and EMPA-KIDNEY, have focused on patients with CKD and confirmed that SGLT2 inhibitors offer significant renal and cardiovascular protection regardless of diabetic status. This review summarizes key clinical trials, outlining their design and outcomes with a particular emphasis on inclusion and exclusion criteria and the implications for CKD populations. Further, it discusses the practical application and safety considerations of SGLT2 inhibitors in nephrology, underscoring their emerging role as a fundamental therapeutic strategy in CKD management.
The connection between diabetes mellitus and stroke: a brief review
Junghyun Noh
Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2025;7(2):55-60.   Published online April 25, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2025.7.e7
  • 632 View
  • 16 Download
Abstract PDF
Stroke is one of the major macrovascular complications of diabetes and increases morbidity and mortality. Hyperglycemia contributes to a heightened risk of stroke incidence. Moreover, people with diabetes may have poorer post-stroke outcomes and higher risk of stroke recurrence than those without diabetes. Recent cardiovascular outcome trials of some antidiabetic medications have shown beneficial effects on stroke prevention. Prevention and improving outcomes of stroke in patients with diabetes requires proper management of hyperglycemia and additional risk factors. This review is an evidence-based approach to epidemiology of stroke in diabetes, the role of glycemic control, and antidiabetic medications in stroke prevention in patients with diabetes mellitus.

CPP : Cardiovascular Prevention and Pharmacotherapy
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