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CPP : Cardiovascular Prevention and Pharmacotherapy

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Original Article
Changes in cardiovascular-related health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic
Eunji Kim, Chan-Hee Jung, Dae Jung Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Hae-Young Lee, Kyung-Yul Lee, Dae Ryong Kang, Sung Kee Ryu, Won-Young Lee, Eun-Jung Rhee, Hyeon Chang Kim
Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2023;5(1):15-23.   Published online January 27, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2023.5.e2
  • 3,003 View
  • 48 Download
  • 2 Citations
Abstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has been the most pressing health challenge in recent years. Meanwhile, prevention for other diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been less prioritized during the pandemic. COVID-19, a novel infectious disease, both had a direct impact on public health and provoked changes in health-related behaviors, including those for CVD prevention. This study sought to examine changes in CVD-related health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic and related sociodemographic factors.
Methods
We used data from the Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Awareness Survey conducted in Korea in June 2022. A total of 2,000 adults across Korea’s 17 provinces completed a structured questionnaire online or on a mobile device. Self-reported changes in CVD-related health behaviors were investigated. We used unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models to explore the associations between negative changes and sociodemographic factors.
Results
In smoking, drinking, and healthcare service use, the proportion of those with positive changes surpassed the proportion of respondents who reported negative changes. In contrast, negative changes predominated for diet, exercise, and stress. Most individuals (52.6%) reported a deterioration of psychological distress. These negative changes were significantly associated with age, sex, marital status, and the presence of cardiometabolic disease.
Conclusions
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected CVD-related health behaviors. Based on these changes, CVD prevention should be encouraged with appropriate and prioritized strategies.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Changes in cardiovascular-related health behaviors after the end of social distancing: the 2023 Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Awareness Survey
    Jaeyong Lee, Eunji Kim, Won-Young Lee, Eun-Jung Rhee, Hyeon Chang Kim
    Cardiovascular Prevention and Pharmacotherapy.2024; 6(2): 57.     CrossRef
  • Cardiovascular-related health behavior changes: lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic and post-pandemic challenges
    Inha Jung, Won-Young Lee
    Cardiovascular Prevention and Pharmacotherapy.2023; 5(4): 99.     CrossRef
Special Articles
From Traditional Statistical Methods to Machine and Deep Learning for Prediction Models
Jun Hyeok Lee, Dae Ryong Kang
Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2020;2(2):50-55.   Published online April 30, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2020.2.e6
  • 2,962 View
  • 32 Download
Abstract PDF
Traditional statistical methods have low accuracy and predictability in the analysis of large amounts of data. In this method, non-linear models cannot be developed. Moreover, methods used to analyze data for a single time point exhibit lower performance than those used to analyze data for multiple time points, and the difference in performance increases as the amount of data increases. Using deep learning, it is possible to build a model that reflects all information on repeated measures. A recurrent neural network can be built to develop a predictive model using repeated measures. However, there are long-term dependencies and vanishing gradient problems. Meanwhile, long short-term memory method can be applied to solve problems with long-term dependency and vanishing gradient by assigning a fixed weight inside the cell state. Unlike traditional statistical methods, deep learning methods allow researchers to build non-linear models with high accuracy and predictability, using information from multiple time points. However, deep learning models cannot be interpreted; although, recently, many methods have been developed to do so by weighting time points and variables using attention algorithms, such as ReversE Time AttentIoN (RETAIN). In the future, deep learning methods, as well as traditional statistical methods, will become essential methods for big data analysis.
Basic Concepts of a Mendelian Randomization Approach
Tae-Hwa Go, Dae Ryong Kang
Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2020;2(1):24-30.   Published online January 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2020.2.e3
  • 4,940 View
  • 147 Download
  • 2 Citations
Abstract PDF
The Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach is a method that enables causal inference in observational studies. There are 3 assumptions that must be satisfied to obtain suitable results: 1) The genetic variant is strongly associated with the exposure, 2) The genetic variant is independent of the outcome, given the exposure and all confounders (measured and unmeasured) of the exposure-outcome association, 3) The genetic variant is independent of factors (measured and unmeasured) that confound the exposure-outcome relationship. This analysis has been used increasingly since 2011, but many researchers still do not know how to perform MR. Here, we introduce the basic concepts, assumptions, and methods of MR analysis to enable better understanding of this approach.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Alcohol consumption and risk of psoriasis: Results from observational and genetic analyses in more than 100,000 individuals from the Danish general population
    Alexander Jordan, Charlotte Näslund-Koch, Signe Vedel-Krogh, Stig Egil Bojesen, Lone Skov
    JAAD International.2024; 15: 197.     CrossRef
  • MR-GGI: accurate inference of gene–gene interactions using Mendelian randomization
    Wonseok Oh, Junghyun Jung, Jong Wha J. Joo
    BMC Bioinformatics.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
Improving Causal Inference in Observational Studies: Propensity Score Matching
Min Heui Yu, Dae Ryong Kang
Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2019;1(2):57-62.   Published online October 31, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2019.1.e6
  • 3,538 View
  • 58 Download
  • 1 Citations
Abstract PDF
Propensity score matching (PSM) is a useful statistical methods to improve causal inference in observational studies. It guarantees comparability between 2 comparison groups are required. PSM is based on a “counterfactual” framework, where a causal effect on study participants (factual) and assumed participants (counterfactual) are compared. All participants are divided into 2 groups with the same covariates matched as much as possible. Propensity score is used for matching, and it reflects the conditional probabilities that individuals will be included in the experimental group when covariates are controlled for all subjects. The counterfactuals for the experimental group are matched between groups with characteristics as similar as possible. In this article, we introduce the concept of PSM, PSM methods, limitations, and statistical tools.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Strengthening Association through Causal Inference
    Megan Lane, Nicholas L. Berlin, Kevin C. Chung, Jennifer F. Waljee
    Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
Editorial
Welcome to the New Journal Cardiovascular Prevention and Pharmacotherapy
Mi-Jeong Kim, Jang-Whan Bae, Dae Ryong Kang
Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2019;1(1):1-2.   Published online July 31, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2019.1.e5
  • 1,951 View
  • 24 Download
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CPP : Cardiovascular Prevention and Pharmacotherapy
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