Cardiovascular Prevention and Pharmacotherapy

Original Article

Age-stratified association between isolated diastolic hypertension and carotid intima-media thickness: results from the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center (CMERC) Study: Minsung Cho, Jiyen Han, Hansol Choi, Jee-Seon Shim, Sun Jae Jung, Hokyou Lee, Hyeon Chang Kim; Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2025;7(4):109-119. Published online October 24, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2025.7.e18

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Background
The clinical significance of isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH), particularly in relation to subclinical vascular changes, remains unclear and may vary across age groups. This study evaluated the age-stratified association between IDH and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT).
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 6,759 Korean adults aged 30–64 years from the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center (CMERC) cohort. Participants with a history of cardiovascular disease or use of antihypertensive medication were excluded. Blood pressure was classified according to the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines into four categories: no hypertension, IDH, isolated systolic hypertension, and systolic diastolic hypertension. Carotid IMT was measured by B-mode ultrasonography, and vascular thickening was defined as IMT ≥0.857 mm (75th percentile). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed with age stratification.
Results
Among participants younger than 50 years, IDH was significantly associated with carotid IMT thickening after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, educational attainment, physical activity, smoking, diabetes, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipid-lowering drug use, C-reactive protein, and study site (odds ratio [OR], 1.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10–2.26). No significant association was observed in participants aged 50 years or older (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.72–1.09). Both isolated systolic hypertension and systolic diastolic hypertension were associated with carotid IMT thickening in all age groups.
Conclusions
IDH was associated with subclinical vascular changes in younger adults but not in older adults. These findings highlight the age-specific nature of the association of IDH with cardiovascular risk.

Review Article

Asian Cohort Studies on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Childhood: Sun Jae Jung, Hyeon Chang Kim, Il Suh; Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2019;1(1):3-9. Published online July 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2019.1.e2

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Long-term cohort studies have shown that cardiovascular risk factors measured during childhood were associated with levels of adult cardiovascular risk factors and also with the lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, most of the epidemiologic evidence was from Western studies and relatively small in the Asian population. From the literature, we identified and reviewed 8 Asian cohort studies focusing on cardiovascular risk factors among children. The Asian cohort studies have confirmed that childhood risk factors can predict later levels of adult risk factors. Besides, it has been shown that childhood risk factors are associated with intermediate phenotypes, such as metabolic disturbance and degenerative vascular changes, in adulthood. These findings reaffirmed the importance of screening and managing cardiovascular risk factors from early life in Asia. However, there is little evidence on CVD incidence and mortality because there is no Asian cohort study, which observed from childhood until middle-aged or old ages. Longer follow-up data are required to measure the impact of childhood cardiovascular risk factors, especially since obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors are increasing in Asian children and adolescents.

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Welcome to the New JournalCardiovascular Prevention and Pharmacotherapy
Mi-Jeong Kim, Jang-Whan Bae, Dae Ryong Kang
Cardiovascular Prevention and Pharmacotherapy.2019; 1(1): 1. CrossRef

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