Cardiovascular Prevention and Pharmacotherapy

Original Articles

2024 Cardio-cerebrovascular disease fact sheet in Korea: Kyungdo Han, Jin-Hyung Jung, Sang-Suk Choi, Seung-Hyun Ko; Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2025;7(3):85-93. Published online July 29, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2025.7.e13

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Background
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the second most common cause of death in Korea. We investigated the incidence rate of CVD in the Korean adult population using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database.
Methods
This cohort included individuals aged 20 years and older who participated in the National Health Screening Program in 2012, and longitudinal follow-up data were collected through December 2022. The incidence of CVD, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and cardiovascular mortality was evaluated. The incidence of CVD in relation to key cardiovascular risk factors was also analyzed.
Results
A total of 4,737,616 participants were included in the final analysis. The mean age was 47.9 years, with a slight male predominance (54.1%). Older age, male sex, and current smoking were consistently associated with higher risk across all CVD outcomes. The overall adjusted incidence rate was 288.9 per 100,000 person-years for CVD. The 1.6-fold higher incidence of CVD in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 1.5-fold higher incidence in those with hypertension, and 1.4-fold in those with metabolic syndrome clearly demonstrate the cumulative risk conferred by these comorbidities. The most pronounced increase in cardiovascular mortality was observed in individuals with chronic kidney disease, reaching a 2.0-fold higher rate.
Conclusions
CVD and its comorbidities in the Korean adult population represent a significant health burden. Prompt and aggressive lifestyle modification and management of risk factors should be actively emphasized.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Comparison of ischemic cardiovascular events between dapagliflozin and empagliflozin in combination with metformin: A nationwide population-based cohort study
Hayeon Kim, Seung Won Lee, Yejee Lim, Nayoung Han, Suin Kang, Youngjoo Byun, Kyungim Kim, Marwan Salih Al-Nimer
PLOS One.2025; 20(10): e0333604. CrossRef
Feasibility and Effects of a Home-Based Cardiac Telerehabilitation Program Following Coronary Intervention: A pilot study
Min Soo Lim, Ju Yeon Lee, So Jung Lee, Youngjee Jeon
The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy.2025; 37(6): 329. CrossRef

Obesity and 30-day case fatality after hyperglycemic crisis hospitalizations in Korea: a national cohort study: Hojun Yoon, Hyun Ho Choi, Giwoong Choi, Sun Ok Song, Kyoung Hwa Ha, Dae Jung Kim; Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2023;5(3):74-80. Published online July 27, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2023.5.e10

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Background
We determined the case fatality rate associated with hospitalization due to hyperglycemic crises and investigated the relationship between obesity status and case fatality for hyperglycemic crises.
Methods
From the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort, 729 adults who visited the emergency room or were hospitalized due to hyperglycemic crises between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2019, were included. Preobesity or obesity was defined as a body mass index ≥23.0 kg/m2. Case fatality rates are presented as the proportion of adults who died within 30 days of hospitalization. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for 30-day fatalities according to preobesity or obesity status.
Results
The 30-day case fatality rate for hyperglycemic crises was 11.2%. In those aged ≥65 years, the fatality rate was twice as high as that in those aged 20 to 64 years (13.8% vs. 6.8%). Adults with preobesity or obesity had a lower fatality rate than those with normal weight (9.5% vs. 14.0%). After adjustment for confounding variables, preobesity or obesity was found to be significantly associated with a decreased risk for 30-day case fatality compared to normal weight (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.40–0.98).
Conclusions
In Korea, hyperglycemic crises had a high fatality rate. Management needs to be improved to prevent hyperglycemic crises and reduce mortality.

Association between Myocardial Infarction Location and In-Hospital Mortality in Iran: A Nationwide Study: Mohammad Shahbaz, Seyed Saeed Hashemi Nazari, Amineh Salehipour, Roya Karimi; Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2021;3(4):124-133. Published online October 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2021.3.e16

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Abstract PDF: Background
Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most important health problems in the world, including Iran. The rate of in-hospital mortality in MI patients ranges from 7.7% to 19.2% in different countries. Despite the promotion and utilization of new therapeutic approaches, MI-related morbidity and mortality have remained high . The recognition of risk factors for MI-related mortality plays an important role in reducing post-MI mortality.
Methods
In this study, we used national MI registry data. In total, 33,831 patients who had been hospitalized in the coronary care unit of Iranian hospitals from 2012 to 2014 were analyzed. Using multivariable logistic regression, we estimated the impact of various risk factors on in-hospital mortality after MI.
Results
The in-hospital mortality rate in patients with ST-elevation MI was higher than that of patients with non–ST-elevation MI. In-hospital mortality was most strongly associated with left-location MI (odds ratio [OR] relative to the non-ST-elevation MI group, 2.15), in comparison with middle-location MI (OR, 1.47) and right-location MI (OR, 1.43). Ventricular fibrillation (OR, 7.7) and ventricular tachycardia (OR, 2.78) were predictors of in-hospital mortality. Receiving treatment reduced the odds of death and age, sex, and diabetes were risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality after MI.
Conclusions
Age, sex, right bundle branch block arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, left bundle branch block arrhythmia, ventricular fibrillation, dyspnea, diabetes, and ST-elevation MI were associated with increased ORs for mortality after MI. Thus, patients with these factors require special attention during hospitalization.

Special Article

Effects of Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diets on Weight Loss, Cardiovascular Health and Mortality: Bo-Yeon Kim; Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2020;2(2):43-49. Published online April 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2020.2.e7

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2 Citations

Abstract PDF

Obesity is a worldwide health challenge. The clinical consequences of obesity include nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes, and coronary heart disease. Numerous diets have been developed to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and induce weight loss. Low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets (LCHFDs) have become increasingly popular for weight loss. LCHFDs have led to weight loss in some clinical studies. However, the safety of LCHFDs and their long-term effects on the human body are still controversial. In this review, I will discuss the effects of LCHFDs on weight loss, cardiovascular health, and mortality.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Fatty Acid Profile and Desaturase Activity in Obesity: Roles, Mechanisms, and Clinical Relevance
Michalina Banaszak, Ilona Górna, Sławomira Drzymała-Czyż
Metabolites.2025; 15(9): 595. CrossRef
Cholesterol, fatty acids profile and the indices of atherogenicity and thrombogenicity of raw lamb and mutton offal
B. Pretorius, H.C. Schönfeldt
Food Chemistry.2021; 345: 128868. CrossRef

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